Consumer Behavior Towards Big Bazaar - 15008 Words

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR OTHER RETAIL COMPANY Page |1 Management Thesis – 1 | 3rd Semester COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR OTHER RETAIL COMPANY CERTIFICATE It is certified that the work contained in the thesis entitled â€Å"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR AND OTHER RETAIL COMPANY By Rajesh Kumar has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree. Dr. Kausik Dutta (Department of Marketing) ICFAI University, Jharkhand. Page |2 Management Thesis – 1 | 3rd Semester COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR OTHER RETAIL COMPANY†¦show more content†¦OBJECTIVE OF THE THESIS 13. DATA COLLECTION METHOD 14. SAMPLING METHOD 15. ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION NALYSIS 16. SURVEY FINDINGS 17. CONCLUSION 18. BIBLIOGRAPHY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 46 Page55 Page56 Page57 Page |5 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGY REFERENCE TO 4PS OF BIG BAZAR OTHER RETAIL COMPANY BASIC OF MARKETING TABLE OF CONTENTS HISTORY The practice of marketing is almost as old as humanity itself. A Market was originally simply a gathering place where people with a supply of items or capacity to perform a service could meet with those who might desire the items or services, perhaps at a pre-arranged time. arranged Such meetings embodied many aspects of todays marketing methods, although sometimes in an informal way. Sellers and buyers sought to understand each others needs, capacities, and psychology, all with the goal of getting the exchange of items or services to take place. Todays New York Stock Exchange had its humble beginnings as an open air market located at Wall Street in New York City. The rise of Agriculture undoubtedly influenced markets as the earliest mea of means mass production of an item, namely foodstuffs. As agriculture allowed one to grow more food than could be eaten by the grower alone, and most food is perishable, there was likely motivation to seek out others who could use the excess food, b efore it spoiled, in exchange for other items. t InShow MoreRelatedConsumer Survey for Big Bazaar in Ncr777 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE OF THE STUDY CONSUMER SURVEY FOR BIG BAZAAR IN NCR RATIONALE OF STUDY As customer’s tastes and preferences are changing, the market scenario is also changing from time to time. Today’s market scenario is very different from that of the market scenario before 1990. There have been many factors responsible for the changing market scenario. It is the changing tastes and preference of customer which has bought in a change in the market. Income level of the people has changed; life stylesRead MoreA Report on Research on Consumer Perception on Big Bazaar (Kacheguda)5526 Words   |  23 PagesA report on Research on Consumer Perception on Big Bazaar (Kacheguda) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.B.A Degree Summer Training By P.DEEKSHITH Registration NO – 11010274 Declaration I hereby declare that this research report entitled â€Å"Customer perception towards Big Bazaar, (Kacheguda)† is a record of independent work carried out by me towards partial fulfillment of the requirements of the MBA degree Course, Lovely ProfessionalRead MoreCustomer Satisfaction at Big Bazaar†13098 Words   |  53 PagesCUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT BIG BAZAAR† CERTIFICATE GUIDE CERTIFICATE DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION 2.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4.PROFILE OF THE COMPANY 5.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 6.SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7.BIBLIOGRAPHY 8.ANNEXURE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The word Retail originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer is someone who cutsRead MoreProject Report on Big Bazaar, Hubli7325 Words   |  30 Pages[pic] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Big Bazaar is a future group company. In India first it was started in Mumbai in the year of 1987 and the main branch of Big Bazaar is in Mumbai. In Hubli it was started in the year of 2007 on 28th July. The Management system - Big Bazaar 1. 80 well-qualified employees 2. The Security system includes 15 securities regular [Day-12, Night-3] 18 at the weekend. 3. 25 Back staff. 4. 21 House keeping and 5. 15 Part times. This project is on Marketing DepartmentRead MoreOrganisation Structure of Big Bazar5446 Words   |  22 PagesInvestment(FDI) of close to UDS 8 billion, †¢ Export surge in excess of 20%. This altogether enables the Indian economy to expand in coming years. Investment eccentric: With a rapidly expanding consumer base (private consumption currently account for 61% of India’s GDP) and stabilized consumer price index rate 4.2%. India is now preferred investment destination and has surpassed the U.S to become the second most favorable destination for FDI, in the world after China. GDP and CPI 2006Read MoreEasyday Bigbazaar7420 Words   |  30 Pagesproject work entitled on â€Å"CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH REFERENCE TO BIG BAZZAR EASYDAY IN AGRA† was carried by me in the partial fulfillment of B.COM (HON) Programme. It is not been copied from anywhere else. KARAN VERMA B.COM – VI SEM. DEI, AGRA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT â€Å"NO MAN IS COMPLETE IN KNOWLEDGE BUT SINGLE RAY OF KNOWLEDGE CAN BE HELPFUL TO MAN†. The research on â€Å"CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION WITH REFERENCE YO BIG BAZAAR EASYDAY IN AGRA† has been given to me as part of the curriculumRead MoreBiography of Kishore Biyani11159 Words   |  45 PagesIndian the man who saw the future. Kishore Biyani belongs to a trading family from Rajasthan settled in Mumbai for more than 60 years now. He was never interested in studies but did complete his commerce graduation and always had ambition of making it big in business. He didn’t join the family trading business but rather than tried out different things on his own, like readymade garments, textile production, creating brands before he ventured in retail business of selling garments. he is true visionaryRead MoreA Microeconomic Analysis of Indian Retail Industry3316 Words   |  14 Pagesjust the facts, we have tried to understand the modern retail sector from an economist’s point of view and visualize its future-whether it is in its expansion or contraction phase. Motivated by the rising per-capita incomes and increased spending on consumer goods, modern retail stores are coming up with new strategies and plans to unlock the Pandora box of the untapped and unorganized retail sector. In the course of the report, we try to find out – how the retail sector works, major regulations thatRead MoreA Project on Store Operation of Big Bazaar3320 Words   |  14 Pagesdecade. The projection for the current year ie 2005 is Rs 35,000 Crores. In India, it has been found out that the top 6 cities contribute for 66% of total organized retailing. With the metros already been exploited, the focus has now been shifted towards the tier-II cities**. The retail boom, 85% of which has so far been concentrated in the metros is beginning to percolate down to these smaller cities and towns. The contribution of these tier-II cities to total organized retailing sales is expectedRead Moreâ€Å"Consumer Buying Behavior of Consumer Durables in a Hypermarket for Hypercity9842 Words   |  40 Pagesâ€Å"Consumer buying behavior of consumer durables in a Hypermarket for HyperCITY, Thane† By: Kulvinder Pathania Roll No: KHR2009PGDMRMF027 Summer Project Report submitted to the Institute of Technology and Management, Navi Mumbai, 410210 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MBA-RMM APPROVED BY: Mr. Vikram Laud Dr. Shelja Jose Store Operations Manager Internal Guide HyperCITY Retail (India) Ltd. ITM Business School

Radical Reconstruction Essay - 964 Words

Radical Reconstruction Following the Civil War came a period of regrowth and rebuilding known as Reconstruction. Reconstruction can be broken into different sections and types, one of which is Congressional, or Radical, Reconstruction. There are many scholarly debates about Congressional Reconstruction and its failures, successes, and its overall logistics. Another common debate concerning the Reconstruction period is its purpose and what the intentions of its instigators were. This paper will be discussing an article written by Frederick Douglass entitled Reconstruction. In this article Douglass discusses the Congressional session taking place in 1866. He calls upon the Congressmen to undo the blunders of the previous†¦show more content†¦At this point in history the nation must face a massive reworking of government and redefining of society. It was to this grand work of national regeneration and entire purification Congress must#8230; address Itself, with full purpose. During this peri od President Johnson continued his pardons and the 10% plan continued to readmit states to the union. Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia were a few of the 10% states readmitted. In opposition to Johnsons readmission policies and his Reconstruction plan, Radicals began to refuse to allow Democrats to sit in Congress. Congress also passes the Tenure of Office Act inhibiting the power of the President. Congress had to overcome the obstacles previously faced in order to see its goals fulfilled. The previous session left some large holes in the policies established. President Johnson had previously inhibited the acts of Congress and the Congressmen were reluctant to make such bold moves against him. One of the ultimate goals of Radical Reconstruction was to achieve equality for all citizens, and to give a just definition of citizen as well. A first step toward this was the 14th Amendment. The 14th Amendment became law in June of 1866. This new law declared any person born in the Unites States a citizen, with rights undeniable by any state. It is this type of action Douglass desired in Congress and discusses in his article as only the beginning to theShow MoreRelatedAndrew Johnson And Radical Reconstruction1285 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, Americans entered a new period of Radical Reconstruction under t he faulty presidency of his successor, Andrew Johnson. With the Emancipation Proclamation being put to use, America went through an abrupt and rigid shift from a slave heavy society to one now being forced to adopt new ideologies which centered around racial equality and acceptance. However, as with all new ideologies, an opposition also emerged. Due to Johnson’sRead MoreHis/125 Radical Reconstruction and the Populist Movement778 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 1 Assignment Radical Reconstruction Once I studied the events on the 19th century, the historians and I agree, which based on the occurrence there were not enough radical actions taken during the radical reconstruction. The main intentions of the changes were to recreate the southern general cultural beliefs so it was more like the beliefs of the north. Sadly there was constant fighting and many changes made within the federal government, it would not permit the reconstruction to be become asRead MoreChallenges Of Radical Reconstruction748 Words   |  3 Pagescivil and political rights, such as voting, and provide suitable land they could own. This period after the Civil War would become known as Radical Reconstruction. During the Radical Reconstruction era, 1865 to 1877 and after, numerous forces prevented the federal government from delivering freedom and equality to African Americans. Even though Radical Reconstructionist sought for the civil, political, and land ownership rights for freed African American slaves, they were vehemently opposedRead MoreHow Did The Radical Republican s Rise For The Failure Of The Post Civil War Reconstruction?1619 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion: How did the Radical Republican’s rise to power contribute to the failure of the post-civil war reconstruction? The time between 1863, when Lincoln passed the ten percent act, until the year 1877, when reconstruction was officially ended, will be evaluated with information provided by the sources. The investigation will specifically look to how the Lincoln assassination allowed for the rise in the Radical Republican Party from 1866 to 1868 and the party’s effect on reconstruction acts leading toRead MoreInequalities Has Been Around For Many Years; From Slaves,1018 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of feminism, which are radical and liberal feminism. According to the article The differences between Liberal and Radical Feminism by Charles Rae, radical feminism is women being liberated for men. Radical feminists feel that there is a male-based authority and power structure and that it is responsible for oppression and inequality, and that, as long as the system and its values are in place, society will not be able to be reformed in any significant way. Some radical feminists see no alternativesRead MoreFeminism Is A Political, Cultural, Or Economic Movement?1542 Words   |  7 PagesMost people still believed they didn’t need feminism so they didn’t help. Now it’s obvious they got at least one person to care because women do have good jobs and wear different clothes. There’s many types of feminism groups.There are socialist, radical, liberal, and black and those are just a few. Many time people put feminists all into one category but people shouldn’t because there’s many different times. Socialist feminism is standing for inequality in workplaces and the domestic life. They seeRead MoreThe Period Between Reconstruction And World War I1811 Words   |  8 PagesThe period between Reconstruction and World War I was a time of tremendous social, economic, and cultural change in the United States. The end of the Civil War, the shrinking of the frontier, the rise of immigration, and the rapid growth of industry that characterized this time period brought many issues of race, class, and status to the forefront of politics. Many different opinions came to light about what it means to be an American and the dynamic between the American individual and American societyRead MoreThe Psychosocial Effects Of Breast Cancer1506 Words   |  7 Pageswomen will develop invasive breast cancer in their lifetime.1 Patients have the choice of 5 different types of mastectomy: total mastectomy with removal of breast tissue without lymph node removal, modified radical mastectomy where the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes are removed, radical mastectomy where entire breast and chest muscles are removed, partial mastectomy frequently referred to as breast conservative surgery where only cancerous tissue is removed, or subcutaneous mastectomy whereRead MoreCivil Reconstruction And Its Impact On The Civil War977 Words   |  4 Pagesnot mean they would live a peaceful life. After slavery ended, Reconstruction was introduced to bring the former Confederate states back into the union . As reconstruction was getting started, Radical Republicans of the North passed the Military Reconstruction Acts of 1867 for revenge on the southerners, which divided the south into five military districts and charted how the new government woul d operate . As this Military Reconstruction was taking effect across the South, African-Americans were ableRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1248 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Cancer Surgeries that Involve Removal of the Entire Breast A modified radical mastectomy – during this procedure, the surgical oncologist removes the entire cancerous breast, the lining that rests above the chest muscles as well as most of the patient’s lymph nodes that are located under her arm. In addition, patients may also need to have a portion of their chest wall muscle removed. A total mastectomy (simple mastectomy) – during this procedure, the oncologist removes the entire breast

Media and Law Ethics

Question: Discuss about theMedia and Law Ethics. Answer: Introduction Media and law ethics is a branch of ethics that is concerned with the relationship that exist between the laws and freedoms of the media profession and the individual responsibilities of media practitioners. (Murray Moore, 2008) The law stipulates that the media and the media professionals have to act in particular ways towards their and they have particular responsibilities towards the public because of the much impact that that the media has on the public. Any act which is contrary to these requirements is termed as a violation of media law ethics (Prasad, 2008) .This paper is going to analyze the specific issues that are identifiable in the case study involving Vogue magazine, Lena Dunham and Jezebel putting into consideration what their specific actions meant, the ethical codes that were violated and the ethical principle addressed. It will also consider the impact of their actions to the public. Vogues Action and Lenas Reply Vogue is am magazine that is specifically concerned with celebrities. With the influence such as magazine is likely to have due to the significant place that celebrities such as Lena Dunham hold in the society, any story analyzed or any ideals are likely going to be impactful in the society. Their specific action involved focusing on certain ideals in their representation of an ideal image of a celebrity. The major focus here is the face value .This is generally what happens even in the wider societies where by people have to appear in certain ways that conform to the wider definition of beauty .This predefined beauty standards make it hard for people to be accepted if they have not met the standards. This is ideally the reason behind the distortion of the image of Lena Dunham. Such an action is likely to have a positive impact on the magazine sales because it adheres to the social construction of beauty. However such an action is not morally right because the role of the media is to foster positive impact in the society. On the contrary therefore it ought to present undistorted images for public consumption, this will most likely encourage acceptance and do away with the notion that a person has to appear in a certain way, have a particular complexion and body shape for them to be referred as beautiful. This will create a positive impact in the society and enable appreciation and acceptance of what makes each woman unique. The media is supposed uphold truthfulness and objectivity as much as possible. This therefore to present the reality as it is without any distortions and offer opinions that are not influenced by their personal feelings and perceptions (Lewis Crick, n.d.) The central focus was on Lena Dunham, her appearance on Vogue magazine has been the bone of contention with Jezebel raising issues about Dunhams distorted image Her, response however deviates from the general issues, she feels that since a fashion magazine is a beauty fantancy, it does not have to express what is real on the contrary she poses questions on why there is so much emphasis on the appearance of the body yet there are other factors such as clothes and paces among other elements that are also prominently features in photos. So to her, the appearance should not be so great an issue of analysis because besides the appearances there are other elements that can be of interest to the consumers such as new fashion trends. She is says that those interested in seeing how she really looks should watch the show that she airs every single week. Ethics of Digital Manipulation. Ethics is a set of rules that defines what is morally acceptable and what is not. It is specifically meant to guide behavior .Ethics of digital manipulation is therefore a set of rules that are meant to guide the conduct of journalists when they are dealing with digital content (Crook, 2010) Photo manipulation also referred to as Photoshop has been a common practice for a very long time it has been used in certain situations for particular reason. With the rise of modern photo editing software, the prevalence of photo manipulation has been on the rise. Although some people consider this as a norm its incorporation in to the photojournalism practice is considered as a violation of media ethics. These are therefore the ethical codes that guide the media practice as a whole. Photo manipulation is one of the areas that is addressed in by this ethical code. It requires that media practitioners do not incorporate edited photos into the practice. Because of the fact that it is sometimes hard to detect edited photos; photo manipulation has led to the questioning of integrity of the photojournalism and media as a whole. Regardless of the fact that necessitates the need for manipulation a photo, it is a requirement that its a requirement according to media ethics that photos should be presented in their original form without editing because this is also likely to distort the message being communicated by the photo in question. This is also referred to as image theft. This is the act of taking a photo belonging to another journalist and using it for self advantage (Ess, n.d.). With the rise in the use of technology millions of pictures are available on the internet. This makes it particularly easy for photo theft to take place. Companies may take pictures and use them in their operations; additionally such photos might be taken, then edited and then used for specific activities without the permission of the owners. Various laws give exclusive ownership rights to the authors of these photos. Editing other people photos to be used in our activities is therefore a serious ethical concern. Distortion of reality is also an n area of concern. Of importance is the fact that the sole purpose is to inform the public .This therefore requires that the information being fed to the public be as objective and real as possible (Pritchard, 2000) .However in this era of digital manipulations, achievement of this has been an issue of great concern. Editing of photos has therefore violated the ethical code of digital media. Ethical Principle An Ethical principle is a standard that when followed promotes the requisite values such as honesty, integrity, truthfulness among other values that are acceptable by the society or which conform to our own perceptions to what is right. Utilitarianism is an ethical principle that focuses on the impact of an action. It is attributed to John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham In particular it is it views an action to be acceptable when it produces desirable outcome such as happiness on the receiver or the receivers and unacceptable or wrong if it produces the reverse of happiness or if it does not impact positively on the receivers of the action. However the principle also focuses on both the good and the bad produced by a certain action The efforts of the magazine can therefore be appraised on the basis of this principle. Basically this being a fashion magazine it has a predefined audience that it targets. Its actions can therefore be interpreted as trying to conform to the expectation s of this wider group. The act of editing Lena Dunhams photos was aimed at appealing to this audience and foster happiness in them. Thats why they had to edit the photos to make them more attractive to the eyes of the public. According to the theory therefore, all the good and the bad of an act should be addressed and the difference between their consequences used in classifying them as either wrong or right. The act can be classified as wrong or right depending on the side that one wants to explore it. If it is explored on the angle of the proponents of the magazine it can be viewed as right because it conforms to their intentions and what they believe is morally right while if it is explored in the angle in which Jebel views it, it can be said to be morally wrong because it does not conform to her expectations and is not in line with what she believes is morally right. Since the theory uses intrinsic value to assess the consequence of its actions .Something or an action is considered to be generally good without considering its additional consequences. Using this argument therefore, the action can be considered good because it has an intrinsic value to those behind the action. In conclusion, vogues action can be said to have gone against the requirements of the media practice with special emphasis to a number of ethical obligations that guide media practice. These inform how a media practitioner should conduct themselves in the course of their duties. Digital manipulation is a serious ethical issue that has been on the rise in the modern times especially because of technological advancements Media practitioners especially those dealing with digital are therefore expected to be as objective and truthful as possible to avoid negatively affecting this important filed in the eyes of the public. References: Murray, M. D., Moore, R. L. (2008). Media law and ethics. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associatese. Christians, C. G., Fackler, M., Richardson, K., Kreshel, P., Woods, R. H. (2015). Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning. Taylor and Francis. Neelamalar, M. (2012). Media law and ethics. Janine L.(2013) Journalism ethics and law : stories of media practice. Oxford University Press,. Kishore, D., Singh, G. S. (2010). Media law: Its ethics and ethos. Day, L. A. (2006). Ethics in media communications: Cases and controversies. Southbank (Australia: Thomson Wadsworth Pritchard, D. (2000). Holding the media accountable. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Prasad, K. (2008). Media law and ethics. Delhi: B.R. Pub. Corp. Crook, T. (2010). Comparative media law and ethics. London: Routledge. Lewis, J. Crick, P. Media law and ethics in the 21st century. Peck, L. A., Reel, G. (2013). Media ethics at work: True stories from young professionals. Thousand Oaks: CQ Press. Ess, C. Digital media ethics.

Aviation/ Skywest Airlines

Introduction Regional airlines are airlines that conduct regional operations by either contracting with major airlines and acting as a feeder airline for them and using the major airline’s brand name, or providing a means of transport to isolated and small communities under their own brand name. The airlines can also operate under their brand name and operate scheduled services as independent airlines. Sky West Airlines is one of the biggest regional airlines in the Unites States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aviation/ Skywest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion Sky West Airlines is a regional airline based in North America. This airline operates under other large airlines as a feeder. Feeder airlines contract with major airlines and operate under their brand names. These airlines pick passengers from surrounding communities and deliver them to the major airline’s centers. Feeder airlines are also useful in operating on days when the use of large aircrafts is not necessary because of few passengers. SkyWest Airlines, together with Atlantic Southeast Airlines are owned by SkyWest Airlines, Inc. The airline’s mission is to ensure that the airline is the customer’s first travel option and also to provide employment and investment opportunities to people. SkyWest Airlines is headed by Russell Childs as the president and Chief Operating Officer. He has played a big role in strengthening the relationships between SkyWest Airlines and its partners. Mr. Childs has experience in construction, truck driving, and accounting. He has a bachelor’s degree in economics and a master’s degree in Accounting. Jerry Atkin is the chairman of the board and the Chief Executive Officer. There are other directors heading various operations like customer service, maintenance, flight operations, marketing, in-flight, accounting and information technology, a mong others. The airline was started in 1972 by Ralph Atkin, performing operations like aircraft maintenance, a flight school, air charter services and air ambulance services. Its very first fleet comprised of a six-seater Piper Seneca, a two-seater Piper Cherokee 140, a four-seater Cherokee Arrow and a six-seater Cherokee Six. In 1977, the SkyWest Airlines made agreements with American Airlines, United Airlines, Texas International and Hughes, and this allowed check-in and baggage transfers between the airlines for the passengers. Its operations and costs increased in 1978 when it became certified as a major commuter airline. In 1980 SkyWest Airlines had a total of 150 employees and flew eight routes in four states.Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1982, SkyWest Airlines received a permanent route authority to Nev, Elko, Ely and Reno. It flew about 87 flights daily and earned a net income of about $123,000. SkyWest Airlines bought Sun Aire in 1984 and became the eleventh largest regional airline in the United States, with a total of 250 employees. In 1986 SkyWest Airlines offered its stock publicly and traded its shares under the name SKYW on the NASDAQ exchange. The money earned enabled the airline to clear the debts owed to Sun Aire and SGU hangar. The money was also used to acquire five new EMB 120 Brasilia turboprop aircrafts. Western was bought by Delta Airlines and this enabled SkyWest Airlines to become a carrier for Delta Connection. Thus, the airline was able to compete with other regional airlines like United Express and American Eagle. In 1991 SkyWest Airlines made a profit of $2,024,000. Its founder Ralph Atkin retired as the chairman of the board and the position was taken up by Jerry Atkin. By now it had a total of 1528 employees and served eight states with a fleet comprising of 35 Metros and 15 Brasilias. SkyWest Airlines commenced a code-shari ng agreement in 1997 with United Airlines and this greatly expanded the company. The airline was named the best managed airline and top regional airline of the year in 2000. The airline made a code-sharing agreement with Continental airlines in 2003 and it began to provide regional services for them. During the same year, the company also launched their new and improved website. In that year, SkyWest Airlines earned $66,787,000 and carried about 10.7 million passengers. In 2004, the Department of Transportation named SkyWest Airlines the best punctual airline in the United States. It had held the title for the past two years. It had a total of 7,000 employees and it carried about 13.4 million passengers. During that year it had net earnings of $81,952,000. SkyWest Airlines launched its flights as a partner with Air Tran Airways. Currently, SkyWest Airlines employs about 11,000 employees and operates about 1,600 flights each day for its partners, Midwest Connect, United Express and D elta Connection. In 2010 SkyWest Airlines ltd. earned a total of 122.5 million dollars (SkyWest Airlines, 2011). SkyWest Airlines is involved in partnerships with other airlines like Alaska Airlines, Delta Airlines, and United Airlines. The airline operates flights for these partners and they perform the ticketing and reservation services. Reservations can either be done over the counter, online or by phone. Incase of delay or cancellation of flights, the customers are notified on time and the reasons given.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aviation/ Skywest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The airline operates under fee-per-departure agreements with other airlines. This means that the major carriers are responsible for advertising and marketing. SkyWest Airlines is paid by the major airlines per flight (Plunkett, 2007). In airline partnerships, the principal of code sharing is applied. This involves the sharing of airline identification codes and flight numbers between the major airlines and regional partners. For instance, SkyWest Airlines shares identification codes with Delta Airlines. This enables passengers to buy tickets from one airline and can change planes before reaching their destination. The regional airline interacts with other international partners. It has affiliations with other airlines like Bombardier, Delta Airlines, Embraer, Regional Airline Association and United Airlines. SkyWest Airlines started its partnership with Bombardier aerospace in 1987. It operates their orders. It partnered with Delta Airlines in 1987. SkyWest Airlines is also a member of Regional Airline Association. The association represents the regional airlines in the United States. SkyWest Airlines operates as a feeder airline for United Airlines. Regional airlines were originally seen as small by the major airlines pilots. But nowadays these airlines operate larger aircrafts on their routes. The pilot unions developed contracts that limited the amount of time and number of seats that could be flown by regional airlines. The Delta Airline union limited the number of seats that SkyWest and other regional airlines could fly. But since they did not limit the number of aircrafts that they could fly, SkyWest Airlines and other airlines acquired more aircrafts. This affected Delta Airlines by reducing the number of pilot jobs. Major airlines do this so that they can increase their profits by using the regional airlines’ aircrafts that offer more city routes, cheaper pay for the pilots, and less cost structure. Recently, regional airlines are employing airline managers who have college qualifications and a lot of experience both within and without the airline industry. In the past, managers used to rise up the corporate ladder from junior positions through their hard work and extra efforts. But nowadays the regional airlines have become complex and therefore the manager s need to be trained on the running of modern airlines. The old managers can also be replaced by educated managers who can be able to run the company to meet the current sophisticated needs of passengers. A regional airline manager needs to be very knowledgeable and able to minimize costs and adapt to changes in the airline industry. The airlines should be well managed to prevent losses and inconveniences caused by avoidable incidents like workers’ strikes (Wensveen, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Between 1970 and 1980, there were very many accidents involving regional airlines. These can be attributed to the swift growth of the airlines and therefore there was a need for many pilots to fly the aircrafts. There was not an adequate amount of time to efficiently train enough pilots to take up the numerous career opportunities that arose. In addition, the equipment used were not as sophisticated as those used by other major airlines. The airlines also used the old rules that were not so keen on the demand for high qualifications of flight attendants and other crew. On top of that, pilots used to move from one airline to another without their job records being checked. A pilot would commit an offence or error in one airline and move to another one. However, nowadays these records are checked and the pilots who commit some types of offences and violations cannot be employed by another airline. Currently, there are few accidents involving regional airlines because the above problem s have been addressed. Today, regional airlines are even considered as a better option for safe travel compared to major airlines (Davies and Quastler, 1995). SkyWest Airlines has several principles which guide it in the management of the business processes. These include giving first priority to the safety and health of the customers and ensuring the delivery of the best services to them. The company also upholds the principles of fairness, reliability, and commercial integrity. SkyWest Airlines provides the safest mode of air transport and has had few cases of accidents in a very long time. SkyWest Airlines’ fleet has four types of aircrafts namely Canadair Regional Jet 700, Canadair Regional Jet 900, Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet 200 and 30-passenger EMB 120 Brasilias. There is a total of 313 aircrafts in the entire SkyWest Airlines fleet. The Dual-Class CRJ900 fleet has 21 aircrafts, 21 Dual-Class CRJ700, 151 CRJ200, 70 Three-Class CRJ700, five Single-Class CRJ700 and 45 aircrafts in the EMB 120 fleet. Before a SkyWest Airlines airplane is flown, it undergoes thorough inspection in all the mechanical parts to ensure that it is functioning properly to ensure the safety of passengers. The flight crew is highly trained and experienced in all flight operations. The pilots at SkyWest Airlines are trained continuously and regularly for their entire careers. The pilots are also given a lot of time to rest in order to ensure that they concentrate on their jobs, to ensure the safety of the passengers. They work for about four to five hours and are granted a 13 days leave every month. The pilots fly for about 940 hours per year which is less than the period of time allowed by the Federal Aviation Administration. The SkyWest Airlines aircrafts are technologically developed. They are installed with technology features to prevent any accidents. For instance, a Ground Proximity Warning System warns the pilot incase of any obstacle on the way. It also warns the m if they get very close to the ground when the plane is not ready for landing. A Global Positioning System gauges the position of the airlines. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System is also used to determine the position of aircrafts (Seitz and Steele, 1985). SkyWest Airlines employees enjoy the benefits of traveling at reduced fares. Their family members are also entitled to various privileges by the airline, including discounts and travel opportunities like car rentals and hotel services. The employees moreover have a health plan for insurance support and personal health. There are other benefits like credit union membership, life insurance, educational savings plan and performance rewards, among others. The airline also employs people without discrimination. It is especially keen in non-discriminatory employment of people with disabilities, women, and the minorities. The airline ensures a good working environment for all the employees in order to ensure that they deliver quality services to the customers. SkyWest Airlines does not allow passengers to bring certain types of luggage onboard, for instance, very large equipment. Explosive, corrosive, poisonous and magnetic items are also not allowed in the aircrafts to ensure the safety of the passengers. Passengers are allowed to travel with pets provided they put them in small kernels that can fit under the owner’s seat because seats can not be reserved for pets. The pets should also remain in the kernels throughout to protect other passengers from being attacked by them. SkyWest Airlines cares for the needs of disabled people and they are encouraged to specify the nature of their disability when doing reservations so that it can be taken into account and their needs taken care of. For the physically handicapped, there are onboard wheelchairs on CRJ900 and CRJ 700 aircrafts. SkyWest Airlines has grown very rapidly from operating one Piper Seneca to becoming one of the biggest regional airlines in the world. It has expanded its routes and acquired more airplanes and also the profits generated have greatly soared. The company now has a workforce of about 8,000 employees. The airline has used various strategies to grow in leaps and bounds. The airline has thrived on forming partnerships with other major airlines. The company is also exploring many opportunities and even hopes to start partnerships with other low-cost airlines instead of just relying on network carriers. The company also plans to start operating independently in the 100-plus seat range aircrafts. The airline also plans to maintain continued and increased contractual deals with its partners and create even more partnerships with other regional airlines in the United States. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that regional airlines form a great part of the airline industry. They have expanded and their standards have even surpassed those of major airlines. They have even become the customers†™ number one choice for the safe and convenient services they offer. Through the various partnerships that SkyWest Airlines and other airlines have formed, they have been able to reach a large number of customers. Due to its rapid growth, SkyWest Airlines is bound to become an extremely large regional airline. Reference List Davies, R.E.G. and Quastler, I. E. (1995). Commuter Airlines of the United States. USA: Smithsonian Institution Press. Plunkett, J.W. (2007). Plunkett’s Transportation, Supply Chain and Logistics Industry Almanac 2007 (E-Book): Transportation, Supply Chain and Logistics Industry Market Research, Statistics, Trends and Leading Companies. USA: Plunkett Research, Ltd. Seitz, F., and Steele, L.W. (1985). The Competitive Status Of The U.S. Civil Aviation Manufacturing Industry: A Study Of The Influences Of Technology In Determining International Industrial Competitive Advantage. USA: National Academies. SkyWest Airlines. (2011). General Information. Retrieve d from https://www.skywest.com/ Wensveen, J. G. (2007). Air Transportation: A Management Perspective. Great Britain: Ashgate Publishing. This essay on Aviation/ Skywest Airlines was written and submitted by user Noah Sanders to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility Essays

The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility Essays The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility Paper The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility Paper The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility Dr. Karnani shows in this article from the Wall Street Journal, the pros and cons on whether businesses should be required to implement social welfare initiatives. For some companies, this idea is a win-win situation but there are other businesses that in order to promote these initiatives, they would have to lose profits. The idea of people helping people sounds very good but we have to be realistic, we are living in a capitalist country were people’s priority is their own well-being. The majority of the United States businesses are going to think of how to make profits; if a way to make profits is to improve social welfare then they are more likely to do it. But if by improving social welfare their profits are going to go down, then they are not going to care about the social welfare. Which also turns into a lose-lose situation, in where by increasing the profits will also increase social welfare. Dr. Karnani alleges different ways in which we can balance out both, business and social welfare. One way is where civil society creates nonprofit organizations and movements in where the common good is the main goal. These organizations are created to help the community in a variety of aspects. Some organizations can have as a main goal to protect the environment making sure that profitable companies get as close as possible to being environmental friendly while achieving their profit goal. Other organizations can have as a goal to help communities socially or cultural involved. Another way is what he calls â€Å"self control† in where companies would have to create their own regulations to voluntarily act in the public interest. Though in reality this is unlikely to happen, it would be good if someone were to do it. But even if a company were to do it, there were still have to be a third party involved that would have to supervise that the company is actually doing what it says to be doing. The more reasonable way that he mentions in this article, is for government to create a regulation to protect the public good. This is by far the best way to create balance. Government has the responsibility to help and serve people and it can do so by balancing the public interest and the businesses interests. In this article named The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility, Dr Karnani says â€Å"governments are a far more effective protector of the public good than any campaign for corporate social responsibility† (Karnani,  2010,  para. 23). The only way in which government can make sure that people help each other is by somehow punish the unacceptable behavior. Just as it has the power to give a citation to someone that has broken a traffic rule, it can make sure that companies help people and not only look for their own benefit. Even these ideas are great, we cannot expect for the people to apply them in their everyday life. The reality is that people and businesses have become selfish and greedy and it is hard to trust and help people without being cheated out or taken advantage of. In an article called Beyond Selfishness, Henry Mintzberg, Robert Simons and Kunal Basu said â€Å"A syndrome of selfishness, built on a series of half-truths, has taken hold of our corporations and our societies, as well as our minds. This calculus of glorified self-interest and the fabrications upon which it is based must be challenged. †   (Mintzberg, Simons, Basu,  2002,  para. 1). It is in human nature to think of your own well being before other’s people. Most of the rich people only think on making sure they stay that way, and poor people are left trying to survive the lifestyles the rich people have created. Companies hire people imposing rules and trainings to make sure the employees can help them achieve certain profit goal. In order to live up to the lifestyles that have been created, employees are in the necessity to follow this rules and act the way the companies want them to act. A lot of times employees are overworked and exploited by companies, up to the point that we are not even sure if we work to live or we live to work. Conclusion Government has the responsibility to ensure the well being of all the people, but sometimes we forget that the government is also made out of people. It is easy to blame someone for something but we need to start taking responsibility in our own actions and start with ourselves if we want to find balance in life and with each other. Reference Karnani, A. (2010). The case against corporate social responsibility. WALL STREET JOURNAL/MIT SLOAN, (), . Retrieved  from  http://sloanreview. mit. edu/executive-adviser/articles/2010/3/5231/the-case-against-corporate-social-responsibility/ Mintzberg, H. , Simons, R. , Basu, K. (2002). Beyond Selfishness. THE MAGAZINE, (), . Retrieved  from  http://sloanreview. mit. edu/the-magazine/articles/2002/fall/4417/beyond-selfishness/

The use of sexuality and gender in advertisements a close up of US advertisements and their effects on adolescents

The use of sexuality and gender in advertisements a close up of US advertisements and their effects on adolescents Introduction The media fraternity has perfected the art of promoting products. Through this, some advertisements are premeditated to associate the goods and services with feelings of desire emanating from imaginations based on sexuality or gender.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The use of sexuality and gender in advertisements: a close up of US advertisements and their effects on adolescents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is noteworthy that advertisers take advantage of the consumers’ gender distinctiveness to escalate the sale of certain products. It is notable that companies, which seek to acquire market leadership and competitiveness, conduct promotional activities. Therefore, the use of gender and sexuality is one of the strategies of creating adverts aimed at gaining market leadership. Gender is a socio – cultural construction in every society and advertisers have applied it in the p ortrayal of differences between males and females. These portrayals include among others identity, disposition, social ideals, typecasts of masculinity and womanliness, and the sexuality related roles (Spade and Catherine 281). Furthermore, advertisers apply sexuality differences between males and females to promote products. The advertisers normally attempt to show the sexuality of men or women in such products. They have also achieved greater results by showing the sexuality of celebrities in the promotional activities. In the United States, the application of sexuality and gender variances in product promotion is a multibillion-dollar industry. However, advertisers seem to have turned a deaf ear on the effects of gendered and sexualised adverts among adolescents. This paper discusses the use of sexuality and genders in commercials to show the effects of such adverts on adolescents in the US. Sexuality and Gender in Advertisements Advertisers have developed massive experience in c ommercials. Depending on whether their target clients’ in the marketplace are males or females, advertisers normally develop their adverts to suit them. It is notable that men and women have different preferences for colour (MacKinnon 215). Therefore, advertisers can package their commercials in such a way to target their potential clients with gendered and sexuality appropriate messages using colours. Labelling people as being either male or female present strong cultural and ideological connotations, which advertisers exploit in making appropriate adverts (MacKinnon 215). Marketers apply information-generated form these labels to influence the behaviour of men or women towards others. Furthermore, such information may be used to develop commercials that influence self-behaviour or needs. Therefore, the use of gender and sexuality in promotional activities influences men and women to buy advertised products. They buy such products to enhance their masculinity and femininity respectively (William, Stephen and Sut 138).Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advertising agencies continuously communicate gendered messages to escalate sales of products. The advertisers portray men as more independent than women. They also portray men as providers in households by depicting the as they engage in different occupations. On the other hand, some advertisers portray women as homemakers and home carers (Davis 187). Therefore, the men would more likely feature in alcohol commercials, sports utility cars, and corporate management among others. The women normally feature in commercials depicting the use of domestic items. The advertisers also depict the sexuality of men and women perversely. They have shown their nudity and naked bodies differently. The products such as women bras and underwear depict their sexuality (Greenberg, Clint, and Sarah 323). On the other hand, men’s underwear worn on athletic bodies and bare chest also shows their strength and brevity. The increasing self-consciousness among men presently makes them less concerned about appearing attractive to others but to enhance their fitness and health. Marketers use such aspirations to create necessities and wants while also developing products to satisfy the needs (Greenberg, Clint, and Sarah 323). In the case of women, advertisers have negatively taken advantage of their weaknesses including lack of autonomy to sway their decisions. Effects of Sexuality and Gender in Advertisements on Adolescents There is rising apprehension about adolescents’ exposure to sexuality and gender commercials in televisions, print media, and other electronic sources. The concerns entail the potential impacts such adverts can have on their personality, sexuality, beliefs, and manners (Gruber and Grube 214). Indeed, research indicates that the adverts generate sexuality and gender stereotypes, which affects adolescents (Napoli and Murgolo-Poore 61). The researchers agree that youngsters are exposed to diverse sensual images and messages advertisements intended for adults but which eventually affect adolescents. Advertisements showing men enjoying alcoholic drinks and the presence of women affect the way adolescents utilize such images. Youths use media to get information regarding sex, sexuality, drugs use, and relationships among others (Gruber and Grube 215).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The use of sexuality and gender in advertisements: a close up of US advertisements and their effects on adolescents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The adolescents’ exposure to advertisements with sexual content potentially influences their sexuality development. This has escalated the rate of pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Diseases among adolescent America girls. It is nota ble that many advertisements in the US both in print and electronic media contain sexual imagery watched by young people. The advertisements have increased the way they show sexual category appeals and sensual objectification (Pardun and Roberts 134). Presently, many of such adverts contain implied sexual interactions, fervent caressing and depicting provision of gifts in relationships as a norm. Young Americans who watch such adverts may develop interests of achieving similar outcomes (Bradshaw 129). Sexuality and gender-based commercials have influenced crucial issues about the lives of adolescents. The commercials may sway career planning, cherished relationships, romance choice making, and attitudes essential to child bearing and parenthood (Jamieson and Daniel 153). Furthermore, some adolescents making greater efforts to adhere to gender roles labels may develop mental health predicaments. The problems may arise from pressure among adolescents to fit within the societal norms a nd expectations. This may lead to substance intake, risky sexual encounters, and neglect of self-care responsibilities (Jamieson and Daniel 154). The advertisements have also affected the ideologies associated with teenage gender roles. Watching television commercials also influence sexism ideologies among teenagers. Sexuality and gender commercials have also influenced the actual behaviour of adolescents positively. It is notable that most adverts that portray males and females as liberated and confident have enhanced personality development among teenagers (Jamieson and Daniel 154). Indeed, some youngsters have developed into more confident, forward-looking, and morally upright because of watching individuals associated with certain products in the commercials (Jamieson and Daniel 154). Conclusion In summary, the use of sexuality and gender in promotional activities has made the advertising mass communication appear pervasive. The advertisements are intended to educate consumers a bout certain products in the marketplace in order to escalate sales. However, some commercials that contain explicit content have surpassed the intention escalating sales to influence cultural views and individuals’ personality development. The stereotypes associated with some advertisements have depicted men and women differently. Particularly, bigot and stereotypical commercials present undesirable outcomes among adolescents. The advertisements have encouraged sexuality and substance abuse indulgence in adolescents.Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the positive side, the application of sexuality and gender to portray men and men as professionals in diverse sectors has affected adolescents objectively. Adolescents have been able to plan their career and develop their personality positively out of media influence. Bradshaw, Joe. African American Young Adults Perceptions of the Ideal Mate for Long-term Romantic Relationships and Short-term Sexual Relationships. New York, NY: ProQuest, 2008. Print. Davis, Simone. Living Up to the Ads: Gender Fictions of the 1920s. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. Print. Greenberg, Jerrold, Clint, Bruess, and Sarah, Conklin. Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett, 2011. Print. Gruber, Enid, and Grube, Joel. â€Å"Adolescent sexuality and the media a review of current knowledge and implications.† Western Journal of Medicine. 172(3) (2000): 210–214. Web. Jamieson, Patrick, and Daniel Romer. The Changing Portrayal of Adolescents in the Media since 1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. MacKinnon, Kenneth. Representing Men: Maleness and Masculinity in the Media. London: Arnold, 2003. Print. Napoli, Julie, and Murgolo-Poore, Marie. â€Å"Female Gender Images in Adolescent Magazine Advertising.† Australasian Marketing Journal. 1(1) (2003): 60 – 69. Web. Pardun, Carol, and Roberts, Kathy. Sexual Content of Television Commercials Watched by Early Adolescents. 2005. Web. Spade, Joan, and Catherine, Valentine. The Kaleidoscope of Gender: Prisms, Patterns, and Possibilities. California, CA: Sage Publications, 2008. Print. William, Leiss, Stephen, Kline, and Sut, Jhally. Social Communication in Advertising: Persons, Products, and Images of Well-being. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003. Print.

The Consequences of Stratification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Consequences of Stratification - Essay Example The end of acquisition and accumulation is conventionally held to be the consumption of the goods accumulated--whether it is consumption directly by the owner of the goods or by the household attached to him and for this purpose identified with him in theory. This is at least felt to be the economically legitimate end of acquisition, which alone it is incumbent on the theory to take account of. Such consumption may of course be conceived to serve the consumer's physical wants--his physical comfort--or his so-called higher wants--spiritual, Ã ¦sthetic, intellectual, or what not; the latter class of wants being served indirectly by an expenditure of goods, after the fashion familiar to all economic readers (Grusky, 1994). It is of course not to be overlooked that in a community where nearly all goods are private property the necessity of earning a livelihood is a powerful and ever-present incentive for the poorer members of the community. The need of subsistence and of an increase of physical comfort may for a time be the dominant motive of acquisition for those classes who are habitually employed at manual labor, whose subsistence is on a precarious footing, who possess little and ordinarily accumulate little; but it will appear in the course of the discussion that even in the case of these impecunious classes the predominance of the motive of physical want is not so decided as has sometimes been assumed. On the other hand, so far as regards those members and classes of the community who are chiefly concerned in the accumulation of wealth, the incentive of subsistence or of physical comfort never plays a considerable part. Ownership began and grew into a human institution on grounds unrelated to the subsistence minimum. The dominant incentive was from the outset the invidious distinction attaching to wealth and, save

Critical analysis on Roald Dahl's writing style and his influence on Essay

Critical analysis on Roald Dahl's writing style and his influence on my writing - Essay Example (Propson, David 2007) Oddly enough, Dahl’s children’s stories required heavy rewriting by the editors, but they were naturally brilliant, and so were quite worth the effort. Dahl’s adult fiction was quite dark, and though satisfying, it seldom had any balance from humor. However, his children’s stories, though dark as well, always had a generous dollop of humor and fantasy. Even the characters in his children’s stories seem to balance. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory we have Charlie, his grandfather, and willie Wonka to represent the good guys and they balance out the three four awful children and their parents. (Amidon, Stephen 2006) He seems to have caught the exactly right tone for kids. He knew how they thought, how things worked in their heads. So, his children’s stories rang true for them, wonderfully parallel to their perceptions of the world. Yet, there was a wonderful quality of humor and fantasy which the illustrators, and later filmmakers, could play against in their work. The latest version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is fantastically done with the digital special effects of Tim Burton’s versi on of 2005. (iMDB 2005) (Mcmorran, Will, 2006) All of the lovely fantasy comes through and does justice to the author. However, it probably only matches the images which appear in the heads of the children who read the books. In fact, when one looks at Dahl’s children’s stories there is a core of frank truth at the center. He makes some strong points on the human condition and human psychology. His characters are extreme examples of all the foibles and character traits of real people. Even the Dahl’s childrens stories, even though he takes things to fantastic heights, his characters always wind up with their just deserts, as suits a story for children. Ambiguity is so0mething reader have to learn to tolerate, generally when we are very close to adulthood. Children require justice to be done. It does not

United States History Essay Example for Free

United States History Essay The political, economic and social background of English colonialism during the period of 1603-1763 in North America envisions the great thought of European period of exploration because of its ever-forgotten influence in the New World. In early sixteenth century, many colonies were established in North America and among them the Southern and Central areas of English settlement were discovered to benefit more profit from their landlords of English kingdom. As the colonies maintained the international plan of trade extraction, they have close allegiance with indigenous population. The importance of changing economic and political relationships between the Indians and Englishmen seemed to be an essential issue in the history of North America. It created a sensation to develop the growth of awareness in both Whites and Indians because of their business contacts. To protect themselves and to maintain the business of commercial extractions and to maintain the freedom of religious beliefs, the colonies were established a democratic government during their ruling time period in England. Because of close contact with indigenous population of North America, colonists were faced with varied set of societies who were fundamentally different from the societies in Europe. Most of the colonists treated the native people as ferocious and envisioned them as an icon to structure the society. In a work, The Rediscovery of North America (1990), Lopez says, †¦ the physical destruction of a local landscape to increase the wealth of people who dont live there, or to supply materials to buyers in distant places who will never know the destruction that process leaves behind . The main feature that resulted by English colonization was massive immigration, which brought out the concept of multiculturalism. Broadly speaking, colonialism forms the economic and political strategies of domination with the principles self-government over the population. The other essential feature of English colonization in North America in the period of 1607-1763 was the European global expansionism, which was treated in late fifteenth century with an emphasis on English expansionism in North America. Basically, the European immigration to the America had been studied in histories, diaries and classics. The main purpose of European immigration to America may be to get freedom from religious discrimination and to develop economic strategy. The negative aspect, by the European settlers when entered the America during fifteenth century was lose of population by dreadful diseases like small pox, measles. Because of this reason, European settlement drastically reduced the North America population. As the colonists brought a wide range of deadly diseases from European cities and spread in North America, most of the people of North America were suffered, as they had no immunity to protect from dreadful diseases. Because of the European settlement, the North America faced many critical situations by colonization. Thus the struggle between European imperial powers and the social, economic, and political issues of late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in North America were remained as the memorable milestone in American history. On the other side, the invasion of European global expansionism brought out the Western civilization in the New World, by the introduction of four major common languages. 1) English 2) Spanish 3) Portuguese 4) French. The colonies introduced many European concepts to the Americas such as European written form of communication, their form of government, and European technological knowledge of science, medicine and art to develop the world to a great extent. Hence the English colonization in North America was placed a dynamic position into the global political economy in the period 1603-1763 and became as a source of narrative to many authors to portray the ever last moment of American history. References: Lopez, Barry. The Rediscovery of North America. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990. Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral ideal in America . New York: Oxford University Press, 1964. McCall, Barbara. The European Invasion. (Native American Culture. Jordan E. Kerber, series editor. ) Rourke Publications, Inc. , 1994. Roger L. Nichols. The American Indian: Past and Present, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill, 1992. Wood, Marion. DOttavi, Francesca, illus. Myths and Civilization of the Native Americans. Peter Bedrick Books, 1998.

Criticism of Jack Londons To Build a Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

Criticism of Jack London's To Build a Fire In her critique of "To Build a Fire" Jill Widdecombe assesses the personality and motivation of the unnamed man in the story. Widdecombe suggests a story of mystery, intrigue, and rationalization. I see it as a story about inner conflict and submit the mans inner conflict parallels Widdecombe's analogy of imagination versus rationalization. The conflict in the story is two-fold; the man struggles between his will and reasoning and second with the man's desires and abilities. The story places the man at odds with the elements, it is a conflict each of us may have encountered at one time in our lives. London in his writing attempts to simplify the ageless struggle by fashioning a tale that is understandable regardless of age. The tale is told by a mysterious narrator, centering on a nameless man and a nameless dog. In fact the story could be about anyone attempting virtually anything pitting themselves against the forces of nature and disregard of sound advice. I do not see the man as a egotist however I do see a lack of cognitive reasoning. The protagonist sets out in weather conditions far more severe then he could have imagined. He travels alone, except for the dog; ironically he is told by an old native to never travel alone when the weather is below fifty below. Disregarding the advice and reasoning while it is cold, it is bearable and appropriately dressed, the conditions are not life threatening. Unfortunately the weather and elements are the antagonist he faces. Somewhere past the midpoint of his trek the man breaks through the ice and his legs and feet become wet. Knowing he must dry his socks and boots or he will freeze to death he builds a fire. While attempting to light the fire he begins to realize just how cold it must be yet he attempts to rationalize the situation and stay focused. The man is quickly becoming disoriented and struggles onward to build a fire. After apparently succeeding he is devastated when snow warmed by the fire falls out of the tree he built it under and extinguishes the flame. Realizing his folly he moves his kindling and realizes his ability to function in the elements is quickly fading.

Social Consequences of Industrialisation in Britain

In this report I am going to discuss the social consequences of industrialisation in Britain between 1800- and 1850. I will analyse the trends in population movements from rural settings to the city and discuss their causes. I will also discuss social structures of the time and explain how they were affected by industrialisation. I will analyse wealth in regards to distribution amongst the classes and how they differed.Lastly I will discuss such social conditions as living and working conditions, health and sanitation, law and order and education and reforms and laws which were set up as a means of trying to better people’s lives. Introduction Poverty was a concept that people in Britain in the Victorian age struggled with. Were the destitute victims of circumstances, idle and work shy or the victims of industrialisation?There was also the question of who should be responsible for the poor, should society take care of them or as many believed should they simply be left to thei r own devices? The hymn ‘All things bright and beautiful show a typical view on poverty; ‘The rich man in his castle, The poor man at his gate, God made them high and lowly, And ordered their estate. ’ With the onset of industrialisation and population shift, people began to question their place in society and anticipate whether they could indeed change this. Population migrationThe reasons for migration from the country to the city during the 18th and 19th centuries is mainly threefold, for one the population in the country began to grow, this is attributed to the drop in infant mortality rate and the surplus in births over deaths, secondly the invention of farm enhancing methods drastically reduced the need for an agricultural workforce, that, in conjunction with the development of large mass producing factories within the cities drew people away as there was more employment opportunity.Lastly, the north became a hub for large scale industrialisation as it was i n abundance with raw materials such as coal and iron which fuelled the rate of growth, while the south was the bread basket of the country. The population of northern cities such a Manchester grew from 25,000 in l772 to 303,000 by l850. By 1850, Britain was the only country in the world to have a larger urban population than rural. Social and occupational structure At the beginning of the 19th century, British population was very much ranked in classes; this was a way of assessing ones wealth and developing a social structure.The land owners and nobility were at the top of this structure, these people were the ones in change of the county. This power derived from the fact that only the wealthy land owners were permitted to vote therefore they would only permit laws which benefited themselves. With the rise of industrialization a new ‘middle class’ was born. This was usually wealthy merchants who had invested in factories and become very rich. They were not however alway s land owners and therefore unable to vote.The mill owners began to feel they deserved the right to vote. They indeed paid taxes and contributed heavily to the economy and in many cases were far wealthier than the blue blood land owners. The Whigs saw the middle classes push for the vote as a way to gain power, they knew if they could get a reformation on voting passed they would gain masses of support from the middle class. The Tories however resisted this. After the Whigs came to power in 1830, they tried several times to pass a reformation act, which the Tories repeatedly blocked.This was only passed when Earl Grey appealed directly to the king, who agreed to create more Whig lords. This did not please the Tory lords who then gave in and agreed to pass the Reformation Act. The working class where unaffected by this reformation in voting and began pushing for power and began organising trade unions to stand up for their rights against employers. The employers however banned groups of workers congregating in order to prevent them from rising up. Distribution of wealth Workers at this time were treated very badly, there were no laws specifying working times or wages.Meaning employers could pay as little as they wanted and workers were usually expected to work up to 19 hours per day 6 days a week. Work conditions were usually dangerous and accidents could easily happen. Despite these bad conditions however workers had little choice but to put up with them as work was hard to come by and there were often long lines of unemployed people queuing for their jobs. Many woman and children as young as 3 were employed in the factories until 1819 Cotton Mills act was passed preventing children under 9 from working and children under 16 from working more then 12 hours.Due to this exploitation of workers, the mill owners became fabulously wealthy. In addition to exploiting their workers, areas such as the textile trade imported cheap raw materials and sold them on for a la rge profit. Life in industrial cities Law and order Due to the poverty of many crime rates soared in the 19th century, in 1800 75% of these were petty thefts such as pick pocketing many of these were children, this is explored in Dickens’s Oliver twist, with his depiction of Fagin’s gang of pickpockets.Many people were also involved in marches as a way as campaigning for their rights and gaining fairer wages /wanting the right to vote and actions such as the luddites revolt. The judicial system of the time was varied and punishments such as prison, hanging and deportation was given out. In 1829 the Metropolitan Police were set up and in 1835 towns were allowed to set up their own police force. Education Before 1870, there was no standardised way of educating children in Britain; there was no Free State education until 1891.Prior to this the majority of children receiving education were those of the wealthy they were often educated at home by nannies. Once the boys were old enough (around 10/11) they would be sent to public school i. e. Eaton then progress to law school or become doctors. . Children of the poor were sent out to work when they were deemed old enough, education was not as important as earning a wage. However with the poor law amendment act, children entering the workhouse were also to receive education. Living conditions:Due to the rate of urban expansion houses were built quickly and were of poor quality, with areas often being referred to as ‘slums’. There was often housing shortages which resulted in cramped living spaces were whole families often lived in one room. ‘Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the, metropolis †¦ In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room’ Due to the high rent charges imposed by landlords and the growing demand for jobs many people became homeless an d ived on the streets. The streets were frightening places and this poverty and destitution gave rise to such social problems as alcoholism and prostitution as a way of escaping and making ends meet. Health conditions These cramp conditions also meant little to no sanitation which lead on to the spread of disease such as cholera, typhoid ad smallpox. In an article in 1849, author Henry Mayhew wrote how a ditch ran through the streets of London into which sewage emptied from this ditch the people would also drink. As we gazed in horror at it, we saw drains and sewers emptying their filthy contents into it; we saw a whole tier of doorless privies in the open road, common to men and women built over it; we heard bucket after bucket of filth splash into it’ Bad health for the poor can also be attributed to the corn law of 1804, in that the landowners imposed taxes on imported corn to protect their profits, thus making the price of bread, a staple of the poor mans diet, far more e xpensive. This in conjunction with a bad harvest in 1816 meant prices became higher still.Edwin Chadwick was a huge influence on the development of sanitation when he published ‘The Chadwick Report’ The Chadwick report In 1837, there were epidemics of influenza and typhoid. Edwin Chadwick was asked to compile a report looking at the living conditions of the poor. He conducted his report between 1839 and 1841. In his report he argued that disease was a direct result of poor sanitary conditions, concluding that reform must be made. In 1848 the ‘Public Health Act’ was passed. This act ensured that water and sewage supplies were clean as well as cleaning the streets and refuse collection was introduced.Chadwick was appointed Sanitation Commissioner and also president of the association of public sanitary inspectors in 1884. During his time in these roles he argued ways public health could be improved. These included the availability of fresh, clean water, water closets in every house and a sewage network which disposed of waste far away from inhabited areas. The old poor law The old poor law was introduced in 1601 and gave help to any poor person within the parish be it through monetary means, medical or the giving of food. This relief was paid for via poor rate, which was paid by local taxes.By 1832, the country was paying ? 7 million per anum to the able bodied poor and topping up low wages, something which the wealthy disagreed with. They argued that this encouraged laziness as a man knew he could work less and receive the same amount of money. They also argued it would have a negative effect on labouring, thus plunging the country into poverty. In 1834 a report was commissioned into bettering the welfare of the poor and reducing the government’s expenditure. The findings of this report lead onto the reform of the poor law. The poor law amendment act 1834Under this new act, the parishes were grouped into unions and each union wa s to build a workhouse. The unions were prevented from giving outside help to the poor and help was only accessible to those willing to give up their homes and enter the workhouses. The workhouses were deemed the ultimate humiliation to the poor and was meant to act as a deterrent to the able bodied poor. Conditions inside the workhouses were purposely bad and families were split up and sent to different living quarters. They were fed on basic food rations and children received education within the workhouses in exchange for several hours of daily manual labour.The workhouses were very unpopular and not all people agreed with the poor law. Richard Oastler referred to the workhouses as ‘prisons’ and several workhouses such as Andover Workhouse were published in the media for their horrific conditions. Charles dickens also sympathised with the poor stating in his novels that individuals in the workhouse were treated worse than criminals. ‘we have come to this absurd , this dangerous, this monstrous pass, that the dishonest felon is, in respect of cleanliness, order, diet, and accommodation, better provided for, and taken care of, than the honest pauper. Due to this the government set strict rules for the running of the workhouse. They were not always followed however. Conclusion It is evident that this period of history had a profound and ever-changing effect on the society of Britain, which can still be seen today. Many people suffered, sacrificed and fought for the rights to change their circumstances. New innovations and developments meant Britain became an industrial giant, and one of the wealthiest countries of its time. As well as a positive effect, like all things, there is also a negative. For the vast wealth created there were those who were exploited and became destitute.It can be argued however that this was necessary and without the suffering, progression would not have been possible. —————— ————————– [ 1 ]. C. Alexander 1848 [ 2 ]. Early Victorian Britain, J. F. C Harrison, Fontana press, London, 1988, Page 18 [ 3 ]. http://www. flowofhistory. com/units/eme/17/fc113 retrieved 20/01/12 [ 4 ]. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/Pwhigs. htm, retrieved 1/12/11 [ 5 ]. Early Victorian Britain, J. F. C Harrison, Fontana press, London, 1988, Page 39 [ 6 ]. Summary of the duties of a justice of the peace out of sessions, H Pye, J Butterworth and sons 1827, Page 43 [ 7 ]. ttp://vcp. e2bn. org/teachers/11466-timeline. html retrieved 28/1/12 [ 8 ]. http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/education_health/laissez_faire_07. shtml retrieved 28/1/12 [ 9 ]. The Victorian underworld, K Chesney, Penguin books, 1991 [ 10 ]. http://www. hiddenlives. org. uk/articles/poverty. html retrieved 28/1/12 [ 11 ]. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/PRcorn. htm retrieved 28/1/12 [ 12 ]. Edwin Chadwick, Poor la w and public health, R Watson, Longman group limited, England, 1990, page 6-15 [ 13 ]. A Christmas carol, C Dickens, Broadveiw press, 2003 page 204.

Reflective Account of My Day at Work Essay

Yesterday I started my day at work at 7:30 am as I was rotted for an early shift as a duty manager for that day. I am following three weeks rolling rota with my colleagues from Senior Management Team (SMT). First of my responsibilities determined by Health and Safety at Work Act as well as our own Signing in Book Policy was to sign in the signing in book. This will ensure that it is known that I am in the building. All the staff coming on duty is required to sign in that book so organisation can keep the track of who is on site for example in case of fire: â€Å"Should the fire alarms go off it is the responsibility of the Team Coordinator to bring the Signing In Book to the assembly point for checking† (Signing in Book Policy) After that I went to the team office where I joined handover from night staff to morning team. â€Å"The Purpose of handover is to ensure the continuity and quality of care through good communication† states our Staff Handovers Policy and it is a lso one of the legal requirements (NMS 17.6). Last night was quiet and all Young People had a good night sleep. After making sure that our staff levels are appropriate for the number of Young People (NMS 17.1, The Children’s Home Regulations Act 2001 and Staffing Policy: â€Å"This policy has been created to ensure that each child is supported and taught appropriately and kept safe whilst accommodated within Our Place†.) I carried out my daily checks. This includes of making sure that teams carry out health and safety checks as well as housekeeping checks. This provides prove that our company ensures clean and safe environment for Young People in our service NMS 10. I didn’t find any short falls in the check books so I signed them off and the next piece of documentation I checked was MAR sheets (Medication Administration Record sheets). The Children’s Home Regulations Act 2001 – section 21 gives a very clear guidance for training, administration and record keeping of medication. Once again I didn’t find any faults or discrepancies. After I completed my daily checks I went to my desk in main office to catch up with my emails. After checking and replying to all my emails I started working on staff’s rota for currant month. Once again, as mentioned above (NMS 17.1, The Children’s Home Regulations Act 2001 and Staffing Policy: â€Å"This policy has been created to ensure that each child is supported and taught appropriately and kept safe whilst  accommodated within Our Place†.), it is my responsibility in organisation that home is staffed correctly and all the Young People are getting support required to meet their individual needs. It means booking our own staff for overtime shifts or using external agency if there are any gaps in our rota. Later on for rest of the rest of my day I was interviewing candidates for Support Worker role. Our company has got very thorough Recruitment & Selection Policy that gives a very clear guidance on the recruitment and selection process, starting with the section on â€Å"assessing the need for recruitment† and going thru all the steps of recruitment process in very detail (setting up recruitment file, advertising, sending out application packs, shortlisting candidates for interviews, interviewing, appointing candidates and eventually gaining the reference and DBS checks as part of safer recruitment and safeguarding Young People). Our Recruitment & Selection Policy is based on all relevant legislation (Children’s Act 1989, The Children’s Home Regulations Act 2001, National Minimum Standards, Keeping Children Safe in Education April 2014). In between the interviews I carried on with my electronic correspondence with Local Authorities, Parents or other external professionals and I also had my lunch break. In the afternoon I handed over everything to my colleague (Staff Handovers Policy, NMS 17.6) and I went home signing out in signing in book.

Pippa Norris and Ronald Ingeharts Cosmopolitan Comunication

Pippa Norris and Ronald Ingeharts Cosmopolitan Comunication How morality function affects cosmopolitan communications The firewall model as postulated by Norris and Inglehart holds that news media impacts on societal values and as such, they can actually initiate value change. Norris and Ingehart have noted that although such a scenario may not occur frequently, nonetheless, there is the risk that it can be mediated by societal factors, in which case individual countries can be affected by the flow of cosmopolitan communication.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Pippa Norris and Ronald Ingehart’s â€Å"Cosmopolitan Comunication† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, in Chapter 3 of their book, Norris and Ingehart show how the flow of information moves from the global north (especially Germany, the US, the UK, Canada, and France) to the other global countries (Norris and Inglehart 8). Many of these other global countries lack the necessary media freedo m and do not easily access foreign news. In addition, they cannot also easily access foreign communication infrastructures. According to Norris and Inglehart, such a setting acts as a firewall that shields media influences from the society. What the authors intend to demonstrate is that cultural products, communication and information do not just flow freely, and that their flow could be hindered by ‘firewalls’ or social barriers (specifically isolation, poverty, traditional local socialization processes, and press restrictions). Many behavioural practices and social values are learned from the ideas and images conveyed by glossy magazines, television entertainment, music videos, internet websites, feature films, consumer advertising, and news reports. As such, the media is regarded as one of the most important tools for socialization. Therefore, the media can influence the attitudes and moral standards of the society. Although Norris and Ingehart do not object to the c laim that the media does exist, nonetheless, its activities are limited by firewalls (15). Due to the existence of various firewalls, the mass media is not in a position to penetrate parochial societies and as a result, it is cannot influence them. What should be done by politicians about cosmopolitan, what cultural policies should be developed, according to Norris and Inglehart? Owing to the rapid expansion of global communication, indigenous cultures are at a greater risk of being exposed to a sudden flow of advertising, corporate capitalism, communication, and explicit sexuality and graphical violence on television.Advertising Looking for assessment on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that globalization is a threat to cultural diversity and unless something is done very fast, we are likely to witness the loss of cultural diversity in certain sections of the society. Towards th is end, our politicians have an important role to play given that they are the ones charged with the responsibility of implementing policies. Norris and Inglehart contend that national diversity is faced with the threat of the globalized news media. As such, our politician should be in a position to propose policies for adoption by member countries in order to ensure that they retain their cultural diversity. In addition, there is need to also develop certain cultural policies that can restrict access to phonographic sites for purposes of retaining cultural identity. We need to encourage the idea of cultural fusion so as to enhance a balanced power dynamic (Norris and Inglehart 19). This way, it becomes easier and faster for members of a society to communicate with each other and in the process, they can help one another in the generation of a global mix that blends programs, connections, and genres derived from various places and times. Norris, Pippa and Ingehart, Ronald. Cosmopol itan Communications: Cultural Diversity in  a Globalized World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.

A Brief History of Venice, Italy

A Brief History of Venice, Italy Venice is a city in Italy, best known today for the many waterways which criss-cross through it. It has developed a romantic reputation built upon by countless movies, and thanks to one startling horror film has also evolved a darker atmosphere. The city has a history dating from the sixth century, and once wasnt just a city in a larger state: Venice was once one of the greatest trading powers in European history. Venice was the European end of the Silk Road trade route which moved goods all the way from China, and consequently was a cosmopolitan city, a true melting pot. The Origins of Venice Venice developed a creation myth that it was founded by people fleeing Troy, but it was probably formed in the sixth century C.E., when Italian refugees fleeing Lombard invaders camped on the islands in the Venice lagoon. There is evidence for a settlement in 600 C.E., and this grew, having its own bishopric by the end of the 7th century. The settlement soon had an outside ruler, an official appointed by the Byzantine Empire, which clung onto a part of Italy from a base in Ravenna. In 751, when the Lombards conquered Ravenna, the Byzantine dux became a Venetian Doge, appointed by the merchant families who had emerged in the town. Growth Into a Trading Power Over the next few centuries, Venice developed as a trading center, happy to do business with both the Islamic world as well as the Byzantine Empire, with whom they remained close. Indeed, in 992, Venice earned special trading rights with the empire in return for accepting Byzantine sovereignty again. The city grew richer, and independence was gained in 1082. However, they retained trading advantages with Byzantium by offering the use of their, now considerable, navy. The government also developed, the once dictatorial Doge supplemented by officials, then councils, and in 1144, Venice was first called a commune. Venice as Trading Empire The twelfth century saw Venice and the remainder of the Byzantine Empire engage in a series of trade wars, before the events of the early thirteenth century gave Venice the chance to establish a physical trading empire: Venice had agreed to transport a crusade to the Holy Land, but this became stuck when the Crusaders couldn’t pay. Then the heir of a deposed Byzantine emperor promised to pay Venice and convert to Latin Christianity if they put him on the throne. Venice supported this, but when he was returned and unable to pay/unwilling to convert, relationships soured and the new emperor was assassinated. The Crusaders then sieged, captured, and sacked Constantinople. Many treasures were removed by Venice, who claimed a part of the city, Crete, and large areas including parts of Greece, all of which became Venetian trading outposts in a large empire. Venice then warred with Genoa, a powerful Italian trading rival, and the struggle reached a turning point with the Battle of Chioggia in 1380, restricting Genoan trade. Others attacked Venice too, and the empire had to be defended. Meanwhile, the Doges’ power was being eroded by the nobility. After heavy discussion, in the fifteenth century, Venetian expansion targeted the Italian mainland with the capture of Vicenza, Verona, Padua, and Udine. This era, 1420–50, was arguably the high point of Venetian wealth and power. The population even sprang back after the Black Death, which often traveled along trade routes. The Decline of Venice Venice’s decline began in 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, whose expansion would threaten, and successfully seize, many of Venice’s eastern lands. In addition, Portuguese sailors had rounded Africa, opening another trading route to the east. Expansion in Italy also backfired when the pope organized the League of Cambrai to challenge Venice, defeating the city. Although the territory was regained, the loss of reputation was immense. Victories such as the Battle of Lepanto over the Turks in 1571 did not halt the decline. For a while, Venice successfully shifted focus, manufacturing more and promoting herself as the ideal, harmonious republic- a true blend of nations. When the pope placed Venice under a papal interdict in 1606 for, amongst other things, trying priests in a secular court, Venice won a victory for secular power by forcing him to back down. But across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Venice declined, as other powers secured Atlantic and African trade routes, maritime powers like Britain and the Dutch. Venice’s seaborne empire was lost. End of the Republic The Venetian Republic came to an end in 1797, when Napoleon’s French army forced the city to agree to a new, pro-French, ‘democratic’ government; the city was looted of great artworks. Venice was briefly Austrian after a peace treaty with Napoleon, but became French again after the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, and formed part of the short-lived Kingdom of Italy. The fall of Napoleon from power  saw Venice placed back under Austrian rule. Further decline set in, although 1846 saw Venice linked to the mainland for the first time, by a railway, and the number of tourists began to exceed the local population. There was brief independence in 1848–9 when revolution ousted Austria, but the latter empire crushed the rebels. British visitors began to speak of a city in decay. In the 1860s, Venice became part of the new Kingdom of Italy, where it remains to this day in the new Italian state, and arguments over to how best treat Venice’s architecture and buildings have produced conservation efforts that retain a great sense of atmosphere. Yet the population has fallen in halfsince the 1950s and flooding remains a problem.

Discuss the changes that have taken place in the British Media since Essay

Discuss the changes that have taken place in the British Media since the Second World War and comment on possible differences be - Essay Example The censorship put on the British media had the effect of crippling the assumptions of the editors, civil servants and military personnel. During the war, th e newspapers or channels which even so much as a new and improved strategy for the war was threatened to shut down or worse put through a law suit. As the war saw the British television rise as the means of mass communication, so it saw the press services plummet. Although not many areas had television in the 1947s except for London, but the 1950s saw such an increase in that number that now most of the households has a television set in them. As television became to main mode of media, newspapers had to take a sideline and become a little softer, incorporating more and more non-political news. Another impact of television going mainstream was that newspapers now had to hire more and more specialized journalists and reporters. In 1957, finally, again, the most number of newspapers were sold. After this the newspaper sale steadil y declined. Under a censorship agreement which had been undertaken during the war which banned the process from publishing any facts about the war at all. This lifted as immediately as the war was announced over. And now the press was declared free and the master of its own self. The lack of reel meant that there were no cinemas for people so people could only go to see events was to wait for the event to be played again after a few days. Anything that could help people feel normal again was welcome with open arms, be it radio, or TV, or newspaper. It was becoming uincreasingly necessary for the British public to normalize and come back to positive thinking, as everything was still dark and sad even after the war had ended. People were grieving, cities were bombed and food was scarce. Since 1925, BBC had been the prime wireless radio network for the public (www.bbc.co.uk, 2008). Britain was extremely patriotic. After the war, they issued cartoons of other nations in the daily news. They also made many war-songs to keep up the spirits of the public. Near the 1990s, the British now had emerged after long and hard years of industrial age, and a new market. Now all they had to worry about where the stock exchange an the war worries. Churchill had become prime minister and john major gave Britain a heart-attack in the form of the â€Å"Black Wednesday†, 19992. As a result the British journalism suffered from such a bad switch in the power. Now press was more involved with any form of negative statements, and moral issues. People found it easier top raise their voice against an injustice with the help of media. Consumerism was in the air, and more and more ways of selling papers were found and pondered upon. The answer to this dilemma was found in the form of fear. It was a pioneer act to sell papers and was an old one at that as the sale of The Times was nearly 278000 the day World War II broke out. Entertainment and politics were merged a little while after the scandals in the John Major era on the Tory issue. New Labor now accepted the power of media. Now the invasion into the personal lives of ‘celebrities’ is everyday news (Andrew Marr, 2005, TV) it was claimed that the need for such news involving scandals of the celebrities and the hunger bad news was always there in the media, (Stephenson, 1998). Now it was only just heightened. To really calculate the change in the British media from the 1940s to present, one need to know the part that censorship played. In World War II all photos were